Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and progressive loss of memory. Recent research has unveiled a potential link between the gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of AD, giving rise to the concept of the gut-microbiome-brain axis. This narrative review synthesizes current literature to elucidate the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and the development of AD. We explore the bidirectional communication along the gut-brain axis and its impact on neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta accumulation, and tau hyperphosphorylation—key hallmarks of AD pathology. Additionally, we discuss the potential influence of gut dysbiosis on systemic inflammation and its contribution to the neuroinflammatory milieu observed in AD. The modulation of gut microbiota emerges as a promising avenue for therapeutic interventions in AD, with probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary strategies showing potential to positively impact cognitive outcomes. As we delve into the evolving landscape of the gut-microbiome-brain axis, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding and potential implications for targeting the gut microbiome to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease.