Acute heart failure (AHF) is a syndrome resulting from structural or functional abnormalities of the heart, possibly associated with systemic inflammation. In this context, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been studied as a potential inflammatory marker easily accessible in clinical practice. This study aims to verify whether there is a relationship between NLR and mortality from AHF, as well as its contribution to the management and prognosis of the disease. The countries of origin of these studies include South Korea, Spain, the United States, Romania, and Turkey. Positive evidence was found for the hypothesis that NLR is related to mortality in AHF. The following considerations should be made elevated NLR values were predictors of AHF decompensation and in-hospital mortality; the higher the marker, the worse the survival rates. Additionally, the low cost and wide availability of complete blood counts support its high applicability. In this sense, the development of further studies will allow for more precise cut-off values and greater accuracy. It is concluded that NLR is related to mortality in AHF. Therefore, the biomarker is effective in risk stratification and prognosis of these patients.
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